Research
Body Fat Research & Sources
Browse research sources, measurement methods and their limitations.
Content last reviewed: February 11, 2026
What the evidence says
Research Reviews
Reviews of body composition measurement methods.
Validation Studies
Studies comparing body fat estimates with laboratory measurements.
Applications in Practice
Research on body composition in healthcare.
Research Overview
Reviews of body composition measurement methods.
Studies comparing body fat estimates with laboratory measurements.
Research on body composition in healthcare.
What this means for your measurement
Method-Specific Research
Compare method limitations and measurement requirements.
Related research
Research Reviews
Reviews of body composition measurement methods.
Validation Studies
Studies comparing body fat estimates with laboratory measurements.
Applications in Practice
Research on body composition in healthcare.
Method Comparison
Compare method limitations and measurement requirements.
Parrillo Method
Uses weight and nine skinfolds; source: a fitness book
Jackson & Pollock
Skinfold protocols using 3, 4 or 7 sites
Durnin & Womersley
Four-site skinfold equations for different ages and sexes
Covert Bailey
Circumference method; source: a fitness book
US Navy Method
Uses height and body circumferences; inputs differ by sex
YMCA Method
Uses body weight and waist circumference